Cardiomyopathy

A 30-year-old woman presents with episodes of dizziness and palpitations. She reports a family history of sudden cardiac death. On examination, there is a systolic murmur that increases with the Valsalva manoeuvre. An ECG shows left ventricular hypertrophy and deep T-wave inversions. An echocardiogram reveals asymmetric septal hypertrophy.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 35-year-old woman presents with exertional dyspnea and palpitations. On physical examination, a harsh systolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border, which increases with the Valsalva maneuver. The physician suspects hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and decides to confirm the diagnosis.

Which of the following investigations is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A 50-year-old woman presents with progressive dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and leg swelling. She has a history of breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. On examination, she has bilateral basal crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, and pitting oedema. An echocardiogram shows left ventricular ejection fraction of 25% with global hypokinesis.

What is the most likely cause of her cardiomyopathy?

A 40-year-old man presents to the cardiology clinic with a history of episodes of syncope, particularly during physical exertion. On examination, there is a systolic ejection murmur that increases with Valsalva maneuver. An ECG shows left ventricular hypertrophy with a “dagger-like” pattern.

Which of the following conditions is most likely in this patient based on the described features?

A 45-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of progressive shortness of breath and fatigue over the past six months. He also reports swelling in his legs and episodes of palpitations. On physical examination, there is an S3 heart sound, jugular venous distension, and bilateral pitting edema.

What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient’s presentation?

A 45-year-old male presents to the clinic with progressive shortness of breath, fatigue, and occasional chest pain. He has a family history of heart disease. On physical examination, there are bilateral basal crackles and a displaced apex beat. An echocardiogram shows left ventricular dilatation and reduced ejection fraction of 30%.

What is the most likely diagnosis?