Mitral Valve Prolapse

A 40-year-old male with known mitral valve prolapse presents with worsening fatigue and dyspnoea on exertion. Physical examination reveals a mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur. An echocardiogram shows severe mitral regurgitation with left atrial enlargement and left ventricular dilatation.

What is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 50-year-old woman diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse presents with episodes of palpitations and chest discomfort. Her symptoms have been intermittent but are becoming more frequent. Her physician decides to initiate management to alleviate her symptoms.

What is the most appropriate initial short-term management for this patient with mitral valve prolapse?

A 60-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse is being evaluated for long-term management. He is currently asymptomatic but has moderate mitral valve prolapse on echocardiography. His physician discusses potential treatment options to prevent complications.

Which of the following is the most appropriate long-term management strategy for this patient?

A 55-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve prolapse presents to the clinic with worsening shortness of breath and fatigue. An echocardiogram reveals significant mitral regurgitation.

Which of the following is a significant complication associated with mitral valve prolapse?

A 32-year-old woman presents for a routine check-up. She has a known diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse and is asymptomatic. Her last echocardiogram, done a year ago, showed mild mitral regurgitation. Physical examination reveals a mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur.

How often should this patient undergo echocardiographic follow-up?

A 28-year-old female presents to the clinic with palpitations and occasional chest pain. She has no significant past medical history. On physical examination, a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur is heard best at the apex. An echocardiogram confirms the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse with mild mitral regurgitation.

What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?